blan'da: charming, mild, not bitter, pleasing.

blattar'ia: from the Latin name blatta for "a cockroach or an insect that shuns the light."

blephariglot'tis: from the Greek blephari or blepharon, "eyelid or eyelash," and glottis for "tongue," alluding to the tongue-shaped, heavily hair-fringed lip of the orchid. There are six genera that use this specific epithet and there was also a genus Blephariglottis published by Rafinesque in the Orchidaceae that appears to have now been synonymized to Platanthera.

Blephil'ia: from the Greek blepharis for "eyelash" referring to the hairy fringe of the bracts and calyx-teeth. The genus Blephilia was published by Constantine Samuel Rafinesque in 1819 and is called woodmint or pagoda-plant..

blit'um: a ancient name for a kind of spinach, others say either for Chenopodium or Amaranthus.

Boech'era: named for Tyge Wittrock Böcher (Boecher) (1909-1983), Danish botanist, evolutionary biologist, plant

ecologist and phytogeographer, born in Copenhagen, an authority on Arctic vegetation and the flora of Greenland based on field work he did in Greenland, Denmark, and various European mountain regions. He also worked in Argentina. Thanks to Boechera authority Dr. Ihsan Al-Shehbaz at the Missouri Botanical Garden for the following information: "Tyge Boecher worked (1951-1969) on a group of species then referred to as members of the genus Arabis. He did a splendid job. Askel and Doris Love recognized his contribution and named the genus Boechera after Tyge [in 1975]. It turned out that

Arabis and Boechera are [not closely related] genera that belong to different tribes." He also added that the pronunciation of the generic name should be boo'-ker-a.  He was a co-founder of Flora Europaea and he authored the Flora of Greenland (1968). Wikipedia says: “He was a professor of botany at the University of Copenhagen from 1954 to 1979. He was a prolific scientific writer, leaving behind some 250 scholarly books and articles. His scientific research covered as diverse phylogenetic lineages as vascular plants, bryophytes, lichens and algae and a broad set of disciplines from anatomy, ecology and evolution of plant species to the ecology of plant populations and plant communities. He was particularly interested in chromosomal and ecological races of plant species.” Boechera is commonly called rock cress.

Boehmer'ia: named for Georg(e) Rudolf Boehmer (Böhmer) (1723-1803) of Saxony, professor of botany and anatomy at the University of Wittenberg succeeding Abraham Vater. He studied botany at the University of Leipzig under Christian Gottlieb Ludwig (1709–1773) and was interested as well in entomology. On September 10, 1746, he obtained the degree of Medical Baccalaureate and on March 20, 1750, the degree of a medical licentiate. He later became professor of therapy and had part-time duties as Stadtphysikus (city physician) in Wittenberg and then in Kemberg, responsible for governmental measures that concerned the health care of the population and the hygienic conditions in the city. He was also responsible for supervising the pharmacies and people involved in medical tasks, such as midwives and bath physicians, and had forensic tasks such as the assessment of injury to living persons, the external examination of corpses and the performance of burials in non-natural and unexplained deaths. Among his publications was a five volume work on natural history called Bibliotheca scriptorum historiae naturalis. The plant genus Boehmeria from the family Urticaceae was named in his honor in 1760 by Nicolaus Joseph von Jacquin and is called false nettle.

Boerhav'ia: sometimes spelled Boerhaavia, named for Herman Boerhaave (1668-1738), Dutch botanist, chemist, Christian

humanist, and physician, sometimes referred to as ‘the father of physiology’ and often hailed as the Dutch Hippocrates. His father was a Protestant pastor and as a youth studied for a divinity degree, however he got a scholarship and took a degree in philosophy and then turned to the study of medicine, graduating in 1693. In 1701 he was appointed a lecturer at the University of Leiden and eight years later a professor of botany and medicine, making improvements and additions to the botanic garden of Leiden and publishing numerous works containing descriptions of new plant species. He married in 1710 and

had four children, only one of whom survived to adulthood. Appointed Rector of the University in 1714, he succeeded to the chair of practical medicine and then in 1718 to the chair of chemistry as well. He was a member of the French Academy of Sciences and the Royal Society of London. One of his great accomplishments was increasing the fame of the University of Leiden, making it a center of practical medical education for students from all over Europe. He was visited by Peter the Great, Voltaire and Carl Linnaeus, who became a close friend. British medical schools credit Boerhaave for developing the system of medical education upon which their current institutions are based and every founding member of the Edinburch Medical School attended Boerhaave’s lectures at Leiden. He was a great admirer of both René Descartes and Isaac Newton. Among his publications were Het Nut der Mechanistische Methode in de Geneeskunde (The Utility of the Mechanistic Method in Medicine, 1703), Institutiones medicae (Medical Institutions, 1708), Aphorismi de cognoscendis et curandis morbis (Aphorisms of Knowledge and Curing Diseases, 1709), and Elementa chemiae (Elemental Chemistry, 1732). The genus Boerhavia was published in his honor in 1754 by British botanist Philip Miller.

Bolboschoen'us: from the Greek bolbos, "a bulb, onion," and the related genus Schoenus. The genus Bolboschoenus was published by Eduard Palla in 1905 and is called bulrush.

Bolton'ia: named for James Bolton (1738-1799), an English naturalist, botanist, mycologist, and illustrator. He was born

near Warley in the West Riding of Yorkshire, the son of a weaver. Both James and his brother Thomas were keen naturalists, Thomas having a particular interest in entomology and ornithology. Wikipedia provides this information: "James initially followed in his father's trade, but later became a self-taught art teacher and finally a publican (one who owns or manages a pub) in his home village of Warley. The two brothers contributed to the natural history section in The History and Antiquities of the Parish of Halifax in Yorkshire, published in 1775 by John Watson. James Bolton subsequently developed his interest

further by writing or illustrating a number of important natural history books. In 1785, Bolton provided the illustrations for Richard Relhan's Flora Cantabrigiensis. In the same year, he also published the first of his own works, part one of Filices Britannicae, an illustrated account of British ferns in two volumes. James Bolton not only drew the illustrations, but etched them himself. Moreover, he did not merely collate existing information on ferns, but undertook original research and field work. The book includes a description and illustration of a new fern species, now known as Woodsia alpina. At this time, Bolton was commissioned by the wealthy Margaret Bentinck, Duchess of Portland, to illustrate plants in her museum collection. James Bolton's additional illustrations of native and exotic flowering plants were never published. A number of his original watercolours, however, are extant, including Fifty Flowers Drawn from Nature at Halifax at the Natural History Museum, an album from 1794 called "Twelve Posies Gathered in the Fields" held at Liverpool Museum, and a collection of botanical paintings in the Lindley Library at the Royal Horticultural Society. In 1788 the genus Boltonia was named in his honor by Charles Louis L'Héritier de Brutelle. Bolton's chief interest was in fungi, which he assiduously collected, carried home in his vasculum, and illustrated. He also corresponded with many of the notable mycologists of his day, including Jean Bulliard, James Dickson, John Lightfoot, and Carl Willdenow. The result was the publication of the first English language work devoted to fungi, Bolton's three-volume An History of Fungusses growing about Halifax, published 1788–1790, with a supplement in 1791. The work was dedicated to Henry Noel, 6th Earl of Gainsborough, who was one of Bolton's patrons and helped fund the project. As with the earlier book on ferns, Bolton not only undertook the illustrations, but also did the etchings for the work, which were then hand-colored. Among the species covered, many were newly described, including such familiar fungi as the wood woollyfoot (Gymnopus peronatus), the inkcap (Coprinellus domesticus), the cramp ball (Daldinia concentrica), the bracket (Daedaleopsis confragosa), the agaric (Lepiota cristata), and the fairy-ring champignon (Marasmius oreades). Boltonia is called doll's-daisy.

bomben'sis: uncertain but probably referring to the Bombay Hook National Wildlife Refuge in Delaware.

bo'na-nox: Stearn says 'good night.' A specific epithet for a night-blooming morning glory, from Latin bonus, "good," and nox, "night." A website of the University of Washington's Botanic Garden provides this: "It was named by Linnaeus and in his time bona-nox would have served as a euphemistic Latin curse (the way someone might say dadgummit, goldarnit, or flipping heck), possibly uttered after getting ensnared in this viney plant’s thorns." FNA says it was the ancient Greek name of an evergreen oak. Serves to illustrate how difficult it sometimes is to know where various epithets came from.

bonarien'sis: of or from Buenos Aires.

bonplandia'nus: named for Aimé Jacques Alexandre Goujaud Bonpland (1773-1858). French explorer and botanist who

traveled with Alexander von Humboldt in Latin America from 1799 to 1804. Wikipedia says that he was born as Aimé Jacques Alexandre Goujaud, although his father’s name was Simon-Jacques Goujaud-Bonpland. David Hollombe provided this clarification about his name: “According to Hamy, the family name dating back to the sixteenth century was Goujaud and the name of Bonplant, later Bonpland, was not adopted until about 1778 by Aime's father, Simon Jacques Goujaud, upon whom it had originally been bestowed as a nickname in allusion to the fact that his father had planted a “bon plant de la vigne"

upon the date of his birth.” Aimé apparently subsequently decided to treat it as his surname. The source for this information was Ernest Théodore Hamy, “Aimé Bonpland, médecin et naturaliste, explorateur de l'Amérique du Sud; sa vie, son oeuvre, sa correspondance avec un choix de pièces relatives à sa biographie, un portrait et une carte.” Aimé was born in La Rochelle, France, and in 1790 he joined his brother Michael in Paris where following in the footsteps of their father they both studied medicine. They attended courses at the Botanical Museum of Natural History where among their instructors were Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, Antoine Laurent de Jussieu and René Louiche Desfontaines. Bonpland served as a surgeon in the French military. He befriended Alexander von Humboldt and joined him on a five-year journey through Mexico, Colombia, and the Orinoco and Amazon basins. He collected and classified about 6000 species that were mostly unknown in Europe, and published them in the multi-volume Plantes equinoxiales. The Empress Josephine installed him as superintendent of the gardens at Malmaison. In 1816 he took some European plants to Buenos Aires, where he was elected professor of natural history, but soon left his post to explore the interior of South America. In 1821 he established a colony in territory that was claimed by both Argentina and Paraguay. The colony was destroyed by the Paraguayan military and Bonpland was arrested on suspicion of being a French spy, being held until released in 1829. While there he had some ability to move around on the Paraguayan side of the border and he served as a physician to local people and to the soldiers stationed nearby. After being released he went to Brazil and Uruguay, and then In 1853 returned to Corrientes Province in Argentina where he was the Curator of the Natural History Museum. He had planned to return to Paris but died at the age of 84 before that could be undertaken. His name is on a European botany journal that was initiated in 1853.

Bora'go: an ancient name of uncertain origin, possibly from the Latin burra, "a hairy garment," alluding to the hairy leaves. Going back through the levels of derivation, we have modern French bourrache, old French bourage, Anglo-French burage, medieval Latin borrago, and possibly from the Arabic for "father of roughness." Thus are words transmitted down to us over the centuries. This is the name that gives the family Boraginaceae its name. The genus Borago was published by Carl Linnaeus in 1753, and is called simply borage or starflower.

borea'le: northern, of the north, from Latin borealis. See for comparison australe/australis, "southern," occidentale/occidentalis, "western," and orientale/orientalis, "eastern."

Borrich'ia: named for Ole Borch (1626-1690), a Danish scientist, physician, grammarian, and poet who who Latinized

his name to Olaus Borrichius, and was the royal physician to both Kings Frederick III and Christian V of Denmark. He was born at Nørre Bork in the Diocese of Ribe, the son of a parish priest. He studied medicine at the University of Copenhagen, and in 1650 became a lecturer at Vor Frue Skole (the “School of Our Lady” or the “Cathedral School”) which for centuries was one of the most prestigious in the country. Wikipedia says: “He distinguished himself in the plague of 1654, when a third of Copenhagen's population died. In 1655 he was patronized by Joachim Gersdorff, the royal seneschal. Between 1660-

1665, he visited Germany, the Netherlands, France, England, and Italy. In England he met Robert Boyle. The well-recorded journals of his travels are an important document of the European scientific climate in the 17th century. Returning to Copenhagen in 1665, he assumed the position that he was to hold for nearly thirty years. He became a professor of philology at the University of Copenhagen and in 1666 of chemistry and botany. Borch is one of the fathers of experimental science in Denmark. He extracted oxygen out of saltpeter in 1678.” In 1690 he was the founder of Borchs Kollegium in central Copenhagen. Originally known as Collegium Mediceum, Borchs Kollegium is a university dormitory in the Old Town of Copenhagen, Denmark, and is one of the oldest dormitories of the University of Copenhagen. Borch was was the author of several works, De Ortu et Progressu Chemiae Dissertatio (in 1668), Hermetis, Aegypiorum et Chemicorum sapientia (in 1674), and Conspectus Scriptorum Chemicorum Celebriorum, which was published posthumously. The genus Borrichia is called seaside oxeye and was published by Michel Adanson in 1763.

boschia'na: named for Roelof Benjamin van den Bosch (1810-1862), Dutch botanist, bryologist and lichenologist born in Rotterdam and known for studying ferns and mosses, author of Bryologia javanica and Prodromus florae batavae. Van den Bosch was a medical student at Leyden (1828-1837), where he obtained his doctorate. He became a physician in Goes, but found that he was also in high demand due to his botanical knowledge. In 1840, Julian Hendrik Molkenboer and Frans Dozy first began work on arranging and describing Asian (Indonesian) plant specimens at the Rijksherbarium, but were only able to continue work on its collection for a few years due to a loss of funding and had to carry on privately. On the death of Molkenboer in 1854 and Dozy in 1856, van den Bosch did his best to carry on their work in investigating and describing the moss collection further, and entered into a collaboration with Cornelius Marinus van der Sande Lacoste, who completed Bryologica javanica, a major work which described besides the already known species over three hundred new mosses, after van den Bosch's death in 1862. Roelof van den Bosch was also a founding member of the Royal Dutch Botanical Society in 1845, and was honored with the genus name Vandenboschia in the Hymenophyllaceae.

boscia'num/bosc'ii: named for Louis Augustin Guillaume Bosc (1759-1828), French botanist, invertebrate zoologist, and

entomologist. He was born in Paris and his father was a medical doctor, chemist and glassmaker who was acquainted with most of the great naturalists of the time. He studied at the College of Dijon, where he was a pupil of botanist Jean-François Durande and chemist Louis-Bernard Guyton-Morveau. He worked initially for the office of the controller general and then for the comptroller of the postal service. In time he took courses in botany under Antoine-Laurent de Jussieu and met botanist René Desfontaines and naturalist Pierre Marie Auguste Broussonet. He also formed lasting relationships with Jean Marie

Roland, an inspector of manufactures in Lyon and a leader of the Girondist faction during the Revolution, and with Danish entomologist Johan Christian Fabricius. While working for the postal service he attended lectures at the Garden of the King where he met such luminaries as Georges-Louis LeClerc, Comte de Buffon and Andre Michaux, and carried out work on natural history, publishing a description of a new species of fly, Orthezia characais, and a method of preserving insect larvae. In 1785 Bosc was invited to join the Lapérouse round-the-world expedition as a naturalist, but declined. This was fortunate for him, as the expedition was lost after leaving Botany Bay in March 1788. He participated in 1787 in the founding of the first Linnean society in the world, the Société linnéenne de Paris. They were soon joined by other naturalists. This society was dissolved in 1789, in part due to hostility from the established Académie Royale des Sciences. Both Bosc and Broussonet were among the first foreign members of the Linnean Society of London. During the Terror he left Paris and lived as a country farmer in the forest of Montmorency, sheltering several people who had been persecuted, including his friend Roland and Louis-Marie de La Révellière-Lépeaux. After the storming of the Bastille in 1789, new laws in France permitted freedom of the press and assembly, allowing the formation of new societies, newspapers and journals. Among these was the Société d'Histoire Naturelle, founded in 1790.  Both Bosc and the Society were politically active, with Republican leanings. Bosc was a member of the Jacobin Club, and also an active member of the Philomatic Society of Paris. It was at this time he became tutor to Eudora Roland, Roland's daughter. La Révellière-Lépeaux, having become a member of the Directorate, arranged for Bosc to leave for the United States, first as Vice-Consul to Wilmington in 1797, then as Consul to New York in 1798. He collected extensively while in the United States and was based in Charleston for some time, conducting extensive collecting trips throughout the Carolinas. While there Bosc took an interest in reptiles and amphibians, discovering and naming several new species, but also collecting and painting fish, birds and plants as well as being amongst the first to study arachnids in North America and producing three volumes of the vast natural history collection, Suites á Buffon, on shells and worms (1801) and on crustaceans (1802). Upon his return to France, Bosc worked for a while as administrator of hospitals and prisons and took a sojourn to Switzerland and Italy courtesy of Georges Cuvier, before he was named inspector of the gardens of Versailles in 1803 and of the state gardens from 1806. From 1825 he served as professor at the Jardin des Plants in Paris. He published Memoire sur quelques especes des champignons des parties meridionales de l'Amerique septentrionale (1811). This work was the first-ever systematic examination of the mushrooms of the southern United States, and established Bosc as the founder of mycology in that region. In 1806, he was elected to membership in the Académie des sciences in the rural husbandry section. Over the course of the next two decades the number of works he either wrote, edited or reedited is vast. In 1825 he became a professor at the Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle. An accomplished and selfless naturalist who devoted himself to science without thought of personal gain, Bosc was an important figure in his time. His legacy lies mainly in the fields of agronomy and natural history. He died in Paris on July 10, 1828.

Bothriochlo'a: from the Greek bothros, "a pit or hole," and chloe or chloa, "grass." The genus Bothriochloa was published in 1891 by Carl (Karl) Ernst (Eduard) Otto Kuntze.

Botrych'ium: from the Greek botrys, "a bunch of grapes," alluding to the bunchlike appearance of the spore-bearing organs of these ferns. The genus Botrychium was published in 1800 by Olof Swartz and is called moonwort.

botryo'ides: resembling genus Botrya.

Bot'rypus: from the Greek botrys for "grape" and the suffix -pus, the Greek word for "foot." The genus Botrypus was published by Louis Claude Marie Richard in 1801 and is called rattlesnake fern.

bo'trys: a cluster of grapes.

Boutelou'a: named for the brothers Claudio (1774-1842) and Estéban (1776-1813) Boutelou Agraz, Spanish botanists and horticulturists of Swiss or French descent. Claudio was a botanist, agronomist and a professor of agriculture in Madrid. He studied agriculture and horticulture in France and England from 1790 to 1798 and met there Lamarck and l'Héritier and worked in the Royal Gardens of Paris. He also became chief gardener of the Botanical Garden of Madrid. Estéban was also a botanist and agronomist and worked closely with his brother throughout his life. When the French wanted to use the Botanical Garden for fortifications, it was Estéban who prevented this. They were descended from a family that had included many celebrated gardeners and had been called to Spain by Felipe V. The genus Bouteloua was published by Spanish botanist Mariano Lagasca y Segura in 1805 and is called grama.

Boykin'ia: named for Dr. Samuel E. Boykin, Sr. (1786-1848), an eminent naturalist and field botanist born in Camden, South Carolina, who did the majority of his collecting in Georgia. He was one of the many collectors who sent significant numbers of plant samples to John Torrey and Asa Gray. He was educated at the University of Georgia (graduated 1807) and the Pennsylvania Medical College in Philadelphia, and practiced medicine in Milledgeville for 25 years. He was also engaged in banking and was chosen to be on the committee of distinguished citizens to entertain General LaFayette on his tour of America when he visited Milledgeville in 1825. He was a man of considerable scientific attainment and reputation, and the celebrated English botanist, Sir Charles Lyell, visited him in Columbus and made mention of him in one of his works. Boykin was the first to demonstrate that sugar cane could be grown in Georgia as far north as Baldwin County. In 1836 he sold his plantation to William Whitaker, a kinsman, moved his planting interests to Alabama, and settled his family in Columbus, Georgia, where he was buried after according to one source having died in Russell, Alabama.  He served in both houses of the Georgia legislature, and was the discoverer of several species of flowers and shells which bear his name. The genus Boykinia was published by Thomas Nuttall in 1825 and is called just boykinia.

boynton'ii: named for Frank Ellis Boynton (1859-1942), a self-taught American carpenter-turned-botanist and botanical collector active in the southeastern United States. A book by Charles Sprague Sargent contains a footnote with this snippet of information about him: “He was born in Hyde Park, Vermont, and when he was five his family moved to Vineland, NJ, where he was educated in the public schools and learned the carpenter’s trade, at which he worked in New England until 1881, when he moved to Highlands, North Carolina, in search of a milder climate. Mr. Boynton’s early taste for botany now had good opportunity for development, and he began to gather specimens for exchange and plants and seeds for sale, soon becoming a recognized authority on the flora of the southern Appalachian region. In 1893 he left Highlands to assume a position in the Biltmore Herbarium, where he was active and remarkably successful in increasing the knowledge of southern Appalachian plants.” He worked at the Biltmore Estate with his brother, Charles Lawrence Boynton, and Chauncey Beadle.

Brachiar'ia: from the Latin brachium, "forearm," and -aria, "related to," referring to the branched inflorescence that extends like arms almost at right angles along the main axis. The genus Brachiaria was published by August Heinrich Grisebach in 1853.

brachia'ta/brachia'tum: branched at right angles.

brach'y-: short.

brachycar'pus: having short fruit.

brachyceph'alus: short-headed.

brachycer'a: After several hours of research, I have been unable to find out for sure what this specific epithet means. The Latin root brachy- means "short," but the -cera part of it has not been explained in any sources I have consulted.. There is a genus of flies called Brachycera where according to several websites the -cera is derived from the Greek keras for "antenna," but how that relates in a botanical sense is unclear. There is also a Greek root keras which means a horn or a bow, and this is the meaning for a couple of other botanical epithets, orthoceras, ceratocaulis and Cerastium, so that may also apply to brachycera. Almost all the epithets listed by Stearn beginning with cera- are defined with reference to a horn, and that may be the case here. There are several other botanical taxa which have brachycera as a specific epithet, but investigating them has shed no further light on the matter, and none of the many websites which have descriptions of the species Gaylussacia brachycera mention any characteristic that is even remotely horn-like.

Brachyely'trum: from the Greek brachys for "short" and elytrum for "husk, cover, shell or sheath," alluding to its short glumes. The genus Brachyelytrum was published by Ambroise Marie François Joseph Palisot de Beauvois in 1812 and is called shorthusk.

bractea'ta: bearing bracts, from Latin bracteatus, “gold-plated, golden”, in turn from bractea, “gold leaf, veneer, glitter.”

brad'leyi: named for Frank Howe Bradley (1838-1879), American geologist born in New Haven, Connecticut. He entered

Yale University and during his undergraduate years spent some time teaching. He graduated in 1863 and during the next year took special courses in natural history at the Sheffield Scientific School. Even before college he had been drawn to geology and spent vacation times collecting fossils. At the age of 18 he discovered a new species of trilobite in the sandstone rocks near Potsdam, New York. After graduating he went to the Isthmus of Panama where he spent more than a year making a large collection of corals and other zoological specimens, some of which went to the Yale Museum. During 1867 and 1868 he was an

assistant geologist in a survey of Illinois under Joseph Granville Norwood, and the following year performed similar duties on a survey of Indiana. In November of 1868, he became Professor of Natural Sciences at Hanover College in Hanover, Indiana, but left that post the next year to become Professor of Minerology and Geology at East Tennessee University in Knoxville, during which time he published a small geological map of the United States. In 1872 he was a member of the National Survey under Ferdinand Vandeveer Hayden and was assigned to the Snake River division in Idaho. Financial difficulties forced him to give up his position in Knoxville  and he undertook private mining ventures. In 1879 he was killed in the cave-in of a gold mine in Georgia. One of his infant children, a son, died on the very same day that he did. He was described as “a man of profound zeal for science, of exactness in observations, of great energy, and of independent judgement and purpose,” and no doubt he would have contributed mightily to the scientific world had he not met an early demise.

Brase'nia: named for Christoph Brasen (1738-1774), surgeon. plant collector and missionary who was the first superintendent of the Moravian mission at Nain in Labrador. He received training as a physician and surgeon. He travelled as a lay person to Greenland in 1765 and undertook astronomical and meteorological observations in Neu-Herrnhut near Godthåb (present-day Nuuk. He also collected plants there as he did later in Labrador, returning to Copenhagen in 1768 and subsequently joined the Moravian church in Zeist in the Netherlands in May 1769. He and fellow Moravian Jens Haven were among the first to settle in Labrador in 1771. Brasen had become familiar with birds, minerals and plants of Greenland, and had established meteorological stations there, and this is what he did during his stay in Nain in 1771. In 1773 various specimens were sent to James Hutton, responsible for the Moravians in England, and a list of identifications was drawn up. It includes 50 items including 37 species of plants, eight lichens, three animals, an alga and a rock. In the summer of 1774, Brasen and three other missionaries and crew, journeyed northward up the Labrador coast, hoping to establsh a second missionary settlement. On the return trip however, a gale came up and their ship suffered shipwreck on the rocks about ten miles from Nain. Brasen and one other drowned in attempting to reach the shore. The genus Brasenia is called water shield and was published in 1789 by Johann Christian Schreber.

brasilien'sis: of or from Brazil.

Bras'sica: a Latin name for cabbage. The genus Brassica was published by Carl Linnaeus in 1753.

Bra'ya: named for Count Franz Gabriel von Bray (1765-1832) (name sometimes listed as de Bray), a German botanist, diplomat and politician born in Rouen, France. He came from a French noble family and had to leave France during the revolution as a loyalist. He then entered diplomatic service for Bavaria and throughout his life was the Bavarian envoy in St. Petersburg, Berlin, Paris and Vienna, etc. He joined the Order of Malta as early as 1775, and was, among other things, Bavarian envoy in Paris from 1822-1827, and subsequently 1827-31 in Vienna, after which he retired. He was a member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities and the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences. He was also one of the first members of the Regensburg Association of Botanists. He worked extensively with the Amaranthaceae family, regularly publishing his identifications and classifications of new species. He died in Bayern, German. The genus Braya was published by Caspar Maria von Sternberg and David Heinrich Hoppe in 1815.

brev'i-" short.

brevibar'be: with a short beard, from the Latin brevis, "short", and barba, "beard." The species Saccharum brevibarbe is called shortbeard plumegrass.

brevicauda'tus: short-tailed.

brevicrin'is: from brevi, "short," and crinis, "hair."

brevifo'lia/brevifo'lium/brevifo'lius: with short leaves.

breviligula'ta: having a short ligule.

bre'vior: shorter ("more short").

brevipeduncula'ta: with a short flower stalk.

brev'ipes: short-stalked, short-stemmed, from the Latin words brevis, "short" and pes, "foot."

brevip'ilis: shortly hairy with short stiff hairs on the calyx, from Latin brevi-, "short," and pilus, "a hair."

breviros'tra: short-beaked.

brevise'ta: with short bristles.

brevisto'lon: with short stolons.

Brickel'lia: named for Dr. John Brickell (1749-1809), early naturalist and physician of Georgia who came to the U.S. in 1770, having been born in County Louth, Ireland. This Brickell is not to be confused with another John Brickell (1710-1745) from Ireland who came to the United States around 1729, was coincidentally also a naturalist and physician, and wrote The Natural History of North Carolina, published in Dublin in 1737, and Catalogue of American Trees and Plants which will Bear the Climate of England, published in London in 1737 or 1739. The John Brickell that Brickellia is named for was very likely the John Brickell who entered King's College (now Columbia University), New York, in 1774, but had not completed the course when the activities of the institution were suspended for obvious reasons in 1776. Shortly afterward, during the Revolution, he settled in Georgia, and practiced medicine for many years at Savannah. He was recognized as an accomplished scholar and a sincere patriot. Outside of his professional work, his chief interest was in the science of botany. He was a correspondent of Muhlenberg; and, of his five papers contributed to the earlier volumes (1798–1809) of the Medical Respository, two were devoted to descriptions of plants found by him near Savannah. Brickellia, a genus of the Asteraceae, was dedicated to his memory by Stephen Elliott, an amateur botanist and later Professor of Botany, legislator, banker, and writer, in 1823. Brickell died at Savannah, Georgia. The genus is called boneset.

brittonia'na: named for American botanist and taxonomist Nathaniel Lord Britton (1859-1934). He was born in Staten

Island, New York, and though encouraged by his parents to follow a religious career chose instead the natural sciences. He graduated from the Columbia University School of Mines in 1879 and became an assistant in geology at Columbia. He later was a botanist and assistant geologist for the Geological Survey of New Jersey for five years. Although most of his training was in geology and mining, botanical interests dominated his career, and in 1890 he became adjunct professor of botany, and in 1891 was made professor of botany. He visited the Royal Botanical Garden in London on his honeymoon in 1888

and wondered along with his wife why there was not some such in the U.S. Plans proceeded apace and in 1896 Britton was formally appointed director in chief. His main interests were in taxonomy and the plants of eastern North America and the West Indies, to which he made frequent visits in the wintertime when the New York weather was inclement.  He was either the founder or co-founder of the Bulletin of the New York Botanical Garden in 1896, the garden’s Journal and Memoirs in 1900, and Addisonia in 1916, as well as the North American Flora in 1905. The journal Brittonia was named for him in 1931 as were the plant genera Brittonamra, Brittonastrom, and Brittonella. His wife was Elizabeth Gertrude Knight (1858–1934), herself a botanist of distinction. Best known in her own specialty of bryology, she also was a constant helper in her husband’s work. Britton is also remembered as one of the signatories of the American Code of Botanical Nomenclature that proposed such radical changes to the rules governing nomenclature that a compromise was not reached (and some of the principal American provisions adopted) until nearly 30 years later. He wrote Illustrated Flora of the Northern United States, Canada, and the British Possessions in 3 vols. (1896-1898) with Addison Brown, and The Cactaceae with Joseph Nelson Rose and a number of other works including The Flora of Bermuda (1918), The Flora of the American Virgin Islands (1918), The Bahama Flora (1920), The Sedges of Jamaica (1907) and others. He died at his home in the Bronx after suffering a stroke just two months after the death of his wife of almost fifty years.

bromo'ides: like genus Bromus.

Bro'mus: from the Greek bromos, an ancient name for the oat, and the Greek broma, "food, nourishment," a name that Theophrastus already attributed to a dietary grass.The genus Bromus was published by Carl Linnaeus in 1753 and is called brome grass, brome or chess.

Broussonet'ia: named for Pierre Marie Auguste Broussonet (1761-1807), a French naturalist who contributed primarily

to botany. He was born in Montpellier to a father who was a physician and professor of medicine at the Université de Montpellier. In his formative years he had a passion for natural history and cluttered his home with specimens of all kinds. He was educated in classical studies at Montpellier, Montélimar, and Toulouse. Family tradition pointed him in the direction of the study of medicine which included the natural sciences. At the Montpellier medical school he first learned of Linnaeus’ work, and he earned his doctorate in 1779 at the age of eighteen. The following is quoted from JSTOR: "As a naturalist,

Broussonet was known initially as an icthyologist and published on the zoological collections made during Cook's voyages. He was a correspondent and friend of Joseph Banks and sent a great deal of material to Banks, in return being given access to natural history collections in Britain. During a stay in England (1780-1782), Broussonet was admitted to the Royal Society as an honorary member, with the assistance of Banks, and while in London was introduced to other scientists including Daniel Carl Solander at the British Museum, Johann Reinhold Forster, Alexander Dalrymple, Anders Sparrman, John Sibthorp and James Edward Smith. He had the intention of publishing a work on all the fishes known in the world, but only the first part, dedicated to Banks, was published. Returning to Paris in 1782, he befriended Louis Jean-Marie Daubenton, and through him became a member of the Academy of Sciences (1785). He was a founding member of the first Linnean Society of the world, the Linnean Society of Paris (1787-1789). He collected in the south of France with John Sibthorp and in northern Spain with Pierre Andre Pourret. Devoting himself to agriculture, Broussonet was appointed perpetual secretary to the Society of Agriculture and elected to the National Assembly (1789). However, his favoured position in France came to an abrupt end with the outbreak of the French Revolution in the same year and, sentenced to death for his membership in the Girondins political party, he wrote a series of pleading letters to Banks for safe passage from France. He managed to escape to Madrid in Spain and then to Lisbon, Portugal and Gibraltar before finding comparatively safe refuge in Morocco as a physician to an embassy of the United States. During his exile he made his first botanical collections in North Africa (1794-1795). He was allowed to return to France, choosing to stay in Montpellier with his family. Broussonet accepted a North African consular position in Mogador (Essouaira) where he made further African collections (1797-1799), before fleeing the city when a plague epidemic killed two thirds of the local population. He was given another appointment in Tenerife, Canary Islands, as a trade commissionier for the French government. His Macaronesian botanical collections were made between 1799 and 1803 and during this time the island was visited by the expedition of Baudin; Broussonet spent several days in the company of André Michaux. He returned to France and was appointed professor at the Montpelier Medical School in 1803 and director of the botanical garden in Montpelier (1803-1807).” After his 1780-1782 stay in England, he brought a Chinese maidenhair tree (Ginkgo biloba), given by Sir Joseph Banks, and the first specimen of this tree imported into France. This species is often called a living fossil because it was first observed by Europeans in fossil records before they discovered living trees in the Zhejiang province in eastern China. He presented this rare tree to Gouan, then Directeur du Jardin des plantes de Montpellier, who planted it in the garden in 1788, where it can still be found. During the throes of the Revolution, before he left Paris, he saw his friend Berthier de Sauvigny, who had revived the Society of Agriculture and as Administrator of Paris was responsible for its food supply, blamed for the city's famine, lynched and dragged through the streets, and it was this horror that caused him to flee for his life. Broussonet was preparing to describe the 1,500 species collected at Tenerife when he suffered a stroke that caused a gradually worsening aphasia. In 1806 he notified the director of the medical school that he must resign his post, and a year later, he suffered a final stroke that caused his death at a comparatively young age. The genus Broussonetia was published by Étienne Pierre Ventenat in 1799 and is called paper mulberry.

brunnes'cens: brownish, browning, turning brown. The species Carex brunnescens is called brownish sedge.

Brunnich'ia: named for Morten Thrane Brunnich (1737-1827), a Danish zoologist, ornithologist, university professor and

		mineralogist. He was born in Copenhagen, the son of a portrait painter. He studied oriental languages and theology, but soon became interested in natural history. He contributed his observations of insects to Erik Pontoppidan's Danske Atlas (1763–81). After being put in charge of the natural history collection of Christian Fleischer he became interested in ornithology, and in 1764 he published Ornithologia Borealis, which included the details of many Scandinavian birds, some described for the first time. Brünnich corresponded with many foreign naturalists including Linnaeus, Peter Simon Pallas and Thomas

Pennant. He published his Entomologia in 1764. He then embarked on a long tour of Europe, spending time studying the fish of the Mediterranean Sea and publishing his Ichthyologia Massiliensis on the subject in 1768. On his return Brünnich took up the post of Lecturer in Natural History and Economy at Copenhagen University. There he established a natural history museum and wrote a textbook for his students, the Zoologiae fundamenta. Brünnich's guillemot and the European wasp spider (Argiope bruennichi) are named for him. The genus Brunnichia was published by Joseph Gaertner in 1788. He was also honored by the genus name Afrobrunnichia, which is a genus of plants in the family Polygonaceae with two species in West Africa. He was a member of Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters and the Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters.

Bryodesma: one source says bryo refers to being moss-like, and desma to "something bridging or connecting." Another says bryo means "to sprout." For the root bry-, from Greek bryo, Jaeger's Source-book says "to be full of, to swell, to sprout up, to burst forth," and for the root -desm, from Greek desma, "a chain, bundle, tie, band, ligament." Neither Gledhill or Stearn provide any information. The genus Bryodesma was published by Jirí Soják in 1993 and is called spikemoss.

Buch'nera: David Hollombe lists two possibilities for the person this genus is named for, Andreas Elias Büchner (1701-1769) or Johann Gottfried Büchner (1695-1749). Flora of North America says: "In some publications, the honoree of the name Buchnera is given as Johann Gottfried Büchner (1695–1749), German botanist. C. Linnaeus (1738) explicitly stated that the honoree is A. E. von Büchner. Linnaeus omitted this information in 1753 and 1754, thus perhaps opening the door to erroneous etymology." Andreas Elias Buchner was a German physician, botanist and university professor born in Erfurt. He studied medicine at the Universities of Erfurt, Halle and Leipzig, and obtained his doctorate in 1722. In 1724, he became a professor at the University of Erfurt and obtained a master's degree. A member of the Académie des Curieux de la nature, the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina, and the Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences, he was appointed in 1735 as the Emperor's (King's?) first physician. In 1736 he succeeded Johann Jakob Baier as President of the Leopoldina and then, in 1744, Friedrich Hoffmann as professor in Halle." Some sources list him as an entomologist, but that may be a mistake because the other Büchner was an entomologist. The genus Buchnera was published by Carl Linnaeus in 1753 and is called bluehearts.

Buck'leya/buck'leyi: named for Samuel Botsford Buckley (1809-1883), American botanist, geologist, and naturalist. He was born on his family’s farm in Torrey, Yates County, New York and graduated from Wesleyan University in 1836. A botany professor was his mentor in college, considering him one of his best students, and he started a herbarium with specimens of plants from New York and Long Island. In 1837-1838 he made botanical collections in Virginia, Kentucky, Missouri and Illinois. From 1839 to 1840 he was principal of Allenton (Alabama) Academy and in 1842 traveled extensively through the south, discovering twenty-four new species of plants and a new genus, Buckleya. He was one of the first botanists to investigate the flora of the southern Appalachians. He studied at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, and in the same year, in an expedition to Florida, he discovered thirteen new species of shells. From 1843 until 1855 he lived on his father’s farm in upstate New York, doing what I don’t know, except that he seems to have dropped out of the botanical world. In 1856 he moved to Ohio and in 1857 and 1858 began again collecting plants and taking barometric measurements of local mountains including one that bears his name. Antwiki says: “In 1859-'60 he traveled south and west to collect materials for a supplement to Michaux and Nuttall's Sylva. He was assistant geologist and naturalist of the Texas geological survey in 1860-1861, and from 1862 to 1865 was connected with the United States sanitary commission. He was state geologist of Texas from 1866 to 1867, and again from 1874 to 1877, and prepared two geological maps of the state. He showed by his investigations that Texas had deposits of iron and coal of much greater extent than had been previously supposed. In 1871-1872 he was scientific editor of the State Gazette, Austin, Tex. From 1877 to 1881 he was engaged in preparing a work on the geology and natural history of the state.” He eventually returned to farming. In the last years of his life, between 1878 and 1883, he made a number of collecting trips in northern Mexico. He wrote a number of papers on ants, which seems to have been a particular interest of his, and supposedly a book on the trees and shrubs of the U.S. although I can’t find any reference to it. He was a member of various learned societies, and contributed largely to scientific publications. He also published several valuable reports as state geologist. Other naturalists were not terribly keen on his abilities, Moses Ashley Curtis, Asa Gray and George Engelman all expressed doubts about his competence, and both James J. Audubon and John C. Frémont turned down his requests to join them on expeditions. He was a little unusual in that he was a person who had more wives (4) than children (3). He died in Austin, Texas. The genus Buckleya was published by John Torrey in 1843 and is called piratebush.

Budd'leja: named for the Reverend Adam Buddle (1662-1715), an English cleric and botanist. Wikipedia has this to say: “Born at Deeping St. James, a small village near Peterborough, Buddle was educated at Woodbridge School and St Catharine's College, Cambridge, where he gained a BA in 1681, and an MA four years later. Buddle was eventually ordained into the Church of England, obtaining a living at North Fambridge, near Maldon, Essex, in 1703. His life between graduation and ordination remains obscure, although it is known he lived in or around Hadleigh, Suffolk, that he established a reputation as an authority on bryophytes, and that he married Elizabeth Eveare in 1695, with whom he had two children. Buddle compiled a new English Flora, completed in 1708, but it was never published; the original manuscript is preserved as part of the Sloane collection at the Natural History Museum, London. Appointed Reader at Gray's Inn Chapel, Buddle died there in 1715 and was buried at the church of St Andrew, Holborn.” The following is either quoted or extracted from an article on Buddle in a website of the British Bryological Society. Adam Buddle was one of the first Englishmen to study mosses and liverworts as bryology began to be taken seriously in England during the late 17th century. Buddle’s herbarium survives as part of the Sloane collection at the Natural History Museum in London. Johan Jacob Dillenius used Buddle’s herbarium when revising the third edition of Ray’s Synopsis (1724), and the Herbarium at Oxford contains some of Buddle’s botanical specimens. In addition to his herbarium, Buddle also devised his own system for classifying plants. According to James Petiver, Buddle was well versed in mosses by 1687, when he was in his mid-twenties, and was corresponding with Samuel Doody in the mid-1690s. He botanized in and around the metropolis with the apothecaries Doody, James Petiver, and others. Adam Buddle the botanist followed in several of his ancestors’ footsteps when he went up to St. Catherine’s College, Cambridge in 1678. He was a fellow of his college until 1691, but like many others was then ejected after refusing to pledge his oath to the new king, William III. By 1702, Buddle had sworn allegiance to King William, and was ordained into the Church of England at Ely. In 1703 he became Rector of North Fambridge, to the south of Maldon in Essex, and also accepted the post of Reader at the chapel of Gray’s Inn, London. He died there and was buried at St. Andrew’s, Holborn on April 15th, 1715. Buddle collected more than plants in his herbarium. Given that Buddleja is popularly known as the butterfly bush, it is very appropriate that his multi-volume English Flora also contains pressed insects including moths and at least 31 species of butterflies collected around London. It is one of the oldest butterfly collections known. The genus Buddleja was originally placed in the Logania family, Loganiaceae, but has since been placed by Jepson in a family of its own, the Buddlejaceae. The generic name Buddleja was bestowed on Adam Buddle by the Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus in 1753 at the suggestion of Dr. William Houstoun who sent the first plants to England from the Caribbean about 15 years after Buddle’s death. The common name is butterfly-bush.

bufon'ius: Stearn says pertaining to toads, growing in damp places. The species Juncus bufonius is called toad rush.

Buglosso'ides: resembling genus Buglossa. The genus Buglossoides was published in 1794 by Conrad Moench and is called corn-gromwell.

bulbif'era: bulb-bearing.

bulbo'sa/bulbo'sum/bulbo'sus: bulbous, swollen, from the Latin bulba for "bulb," in reference to the small pseudobulb of the species Arethusa bulbosa.

Bulbosty'lis: having a bulb-like style. The genus Bulbostylis was published by Karl Sigismund Kunth in 1837 and is called hairsedge.

bullata: having a blistered or puckered surface, as in leaves.

Bumel'ia: Stearn says from Greek boumelios, a name for the ash tree; reason for application to these small American trees and shrubs is obscure." Bumelia lanuginosa is a synonym of Sideroxylon lanuginosum. Few other species I know of have so many common names, and these include gum bully, black haw, chittamwood, chittimwood, shittamwood, false buckthorn, gum bumelia, gum elastic, gum woollybucket, woollybucket bumelia, woolly buckthorn, woolly bumelia, ironwood and coma. The gum in these names refers to the fact that gum from the trunk of these trees is sometimes chewed by children.

Bun'ias: FNA says the name derives from Greek and Latin bunias, a kind of common mustard or turnip. The genus Bunias was published by Carl Linnaeus in 1753.

Bupleur'um: from the Greek bous, "ox," and pleuron, "a rib," and Stearn says the genus name comes from the Greek word boupleuros meaning "oxen rib," however Merriam-Webster says Latin bupleuron is for hare's-ear. Gledhill says it was an ancient name used by Nicander. The genus Bupleurum has been called hare's-ear and thoroughwax and was published by Carl Linnaeus in 1753.

Burman'nia: named for Johannes Burman (1706-1779), Dutch botanist and physician who specialized in plants from

Ceylon, Amboina (an Indonesian island) and the Cape Colony. He was born in Amsterdam the eldest son of the theologian Frans Burman, and began his studies in Leiden in 1722 under Herman Boerhaave, and qualified in 1728 as a doctor of medicine, after which he practised in Amsterdam but maintained a keen interest in botany, in which he had been instructed by Boerhaave. In 1731 he was appointed Professor of Botany at the Amsterdam Hortus Medicus and was put in charge of the city's botanic garden. He was later professor at the Amsterdam Athenaeum (1755-1777). While travelling through the

Netherlands in 1735, Carl Linnaeus visited Burman, who invited him to stay at his home. The pair worked together for six weeks on Burman's flora of Ceylon, Thesaurus zeylanicus (1737). Linnaeus later named the genus Burmannia in 1753 in honor of his Dutch friend. The publishing of Georg Eberhard Rumphius' Herbarium Amboinense (1741-1755) was a joint effort by Burman, Linnaeus and Adriaan van Royen, with Burman supplying Latin translations of the Dutch text. The magnum opus comprises treatments of some 1,200 species of Indonesian plants. Burman was also responsible for the completion of work begun by Charles Plumier, a missionary who visited Martinique and Haiti in 1689 and produced 6,000 drawings of plants found there. Burman published these after Plumier's death, with descriptions in Plantarum Americanarum (1755-1760). He also published Rariorum Africanarum plantarum (1738-1739) and his Flora Malabarica (following that of Caspar Commelin) appeared in 1768. The significant world herbarium that he was able to create included collections made by Paul Hermann (from South Africa and Sri Lanka), Franciscus Albertus Prayan and Christian Kleynhoff (India), Henrik Bernard Oldenland (South Africa) and Laurent Garcin (Africa and Asia). Other collectors represented are Carlo Allioni, Johann Philipp  Breyne (probably Johann Philipp), Albrecht von Haller, Martinus Houttuyn, Adriaan van Royen and Casimir Christoph Schmidel. Specimens were shared with Linnaeus, Bernard de Jussieu and other contemporary botanists, while the main herbarium was later acquired by Benjamin Delessert (apart from the Thesaurus zeylanicum herbarium and the Linnean Lapland herbarium, both of which went to the Institut de France, Paris). He was a powerful proponent of Carl Linnaeus’ ideas and died in Amsterdam at the age of 71. The genus is called simply burmannia.

bush'ii: named for Benjamin Franklin Bush (1858-1937), American botanist, plant collector and ornithologist. He was born

in Columbus, Indiana in 1858. He moved with his mother Henrietta Bush to Jackson County, Missouri, in 1865, and that area remained his home for the rest of life. Henrietta Bush met and married Robert B. Tindall, a florist who built and operated the first greenhouse in Independence, Missouri. He developed a love of the natural world by exploring the frontier country of western Missouri. Near his home were prairies, dense woods, rocky glades, and small waterways. Young Bush was particularly taken with the calls and songs of the bird species in the area, and he amassed an important collection of bird eggs from

the region. He also tracked the behaviors of passenger pigeons, prairie chickens, and Carolina parakeets. But his lifelong interest in birds was always superseded by his interest in plants, which stemmed in part from receiving a copy of Alphonso Wood's Class-Book of Botany as a young man. Trying to identify native species by using the text, he found only a small portion were mentioned. This led to his own eager cataloging of the new species and a robust correspondence relationship with Asa Gray and George Engelmann for instruction. Bush's first catalog of the flora of Jackson County was published in 1882. In 1886, Samuel Mills Tracy published his Flora of Missouri, which was the first catalog of plant life in the state as a whole. Tracy used Bush's research as the primary source for his information on the plants of Jackson County and the surrounding region. Around this time, Bush also struck up a friendship with Cameron Mann of Kansas City, and the two collaborated on a supplement to Bush's Flora of Jackson County in 1885. Later, he began a collaboration with Kenneth Kent Mackenzie, and the two of them produced several papers on plants in Missouri and used their collecting experience from expeditions in the state to publish the Manual of the Flora of Jackson County in 1902. Between 1891 and 1892, Bush was employed to help collect and prepare wood specimens for the exhibit on Missouri forestry at the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago. He also was employed by the Missouri Botanical Garden to collect plant specimens from the remote areas in the four corners of Missouri: Clark County, Atchison County, McDonald County, and Dunklin County. Outside of Missouri, he collected extensively in Arkansas, Oklahoma, and Texas for the Arnold Arboretum and the Missouri Botanical Garden. He also developed a passion for ferns and published the first list of fern species in Texas. Bush cultivated relationships with many important botanists, and he spent time collecting with Ernest Jesse Palmer and Arnold Arboretum director Charles Sprague Sargent. In order to support his family, Bush supplemented his income with work outside of botany. He opened a general store near Kansas City in Courtney, Missouri, which he ran for nearly 40 years. He also worked as the postmaster in Courtney during that time. His business was aided by the large number of Mexican and Italian laborers brought into the area by Santa Fe Railway to do maintenance work on the line that ran near Courtney. Through these customers, Bush was able to become conversant in both Spanish and Italian. He collected and identified a large number of plants that were new to science in the 19th century, and was the first to discover corkwood in Missouri, which had previously only been found in Florida and Texas. The above-mentioned Ernest J. Palmer at the Arnold Arboretum sums up his life by saying “Benjamin Franklin Bush was most widely known and will probably be best remembered as a botanical collector and explorer.  The many thousands of well-prepared sheets of plants collected by him which have found their way into nearly all the herbaria of the world will be a constant reminder of his work; the large number of plants previously unknown to science which he discovered, and many of which he described, as well as those described by others and bearing his name, will remain a monument to him.  His work on the flora of Jackson County and of the entire state of Missouri, both through his collections and writings, was particularly outstanding and valuable, and his name will always rank high in the annals of Missouri botany.”

buxbaum'ii: named for German botanist Johann Christian Buxbaum (1693-1730), German physician, botanist and entomologist, a scholar from the Russian Academy of Science and professor of botany at St. Petersburg, who produced some of the first scientific works on the flora of Estonia, and author of Plantarum minus cognitarum centuria. He studied medicine at the Universities of Leipzig, Wittenberg, Jena and Leyden. He was a member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts and Sciences. As a physician he accompanied  a Russian diplomatic mission to Turkey  and travelled to Greece and Asia Minor. He is commemorated in the moss genus Buxbaumia (also the name of a journal on mosses) and in the names of several species (notably the sedge Carex buxbaumii). His most notable works are: Enumeratio plantarum acculatior in argo Halensi vicinisque locis crescentium una cum earum characteribus et viribus (Halle, 1721) and Plantarum minus cognitarum centuria complectens plantas circa Byzantium & in oriente observatas.

byzanti'na: of Istanbul (Constantinople).classical Byzantium.